Verbul

Verbul exprima ideea existentei sau a actiunii intr-o propozitie.

Ex.: I am a student.

The students passed all their courses.

6.1. Cele 4 forme verbale

Terminatiile formelor din limba engleza sunt foarte usor de tinut minte. Exista 4 forme verbale de baza. Limba engleza formeaza timpurile verbale cu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare, spre deosebire de limba romana, unde timpurile verbale se formeaza cu ajutorul desinentelor. De remarcat ca in limba engleza nu exista o forma verbala speciala pentru viitor.

Cele 4 forme verbale de baza sunt importante deoarece cu aceste forme si cu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare se formeaza timpurile in limba engleza:

Numele

verbului Forma

de baza Forma

de trecut Participiul

prezent Participiul

trecut

to work I can work.

I work. I worked. I am working. I have worked.

to write I can write.

I write. I wroted. I am writing. I have written.

Cele mai frecvent folosite verbe neregulate

Urmatorul tabel reproducele cele mai frecvente verbe neregulate in patru forme verbale reprezentative:

- Forma de baza, adica infinitivul: to fly

- Persoana III singular a timpului prezent: he flies

- Persoana III singular a trecutului: he flew

- Participiul trecut: he has flown

Base Form Present Third Person Past Third Person Past Participle

arise

be

bear

begin

bite

blow

break

bring

buy

catch

choose

come

creep

dive

do

drag

draw

dream

drink

drive

drown

eat

fall

fight

fly

forget

forgive

freeze

get

give

go

grow

hang

hide

know

lay

lead

lie

light

lose

prove

ride

ring

rise

run

see

seek

set

shake

sing

sink

sit

speak

spring

steal

sting

strike

swear

swim

swing

take

tear

throw

uses

wake

wear

write arises

is

bears

begins

bites

blows

breaks

brings

buys

catches

chooses

comes

creeps

dives

does

drags

draws

dreams

drinks

drives

drowns

eats

falls

fights

flies

forgets

forgives

freezes

gets

gives

goes

grows

hangs

hides

knows

lays

leads

lies

lights

loses

proves

rides

rings

rises

runs

sees

seeks

sets

shakes

sings

sinks

sits

speaks

springs

steals

stings

strikes

swears

swims

swings

takes

tears

throws

used

wakes

wears

writes arose

was/were

bore

began

bit

blew

broke

brought

bought

caught

chose

came

crept

dived/dove

did

dragged

drew

dreamed/dreamt

drank

drove

drowned

ate

fell

fought

flew

forgot

forgave

froze

got

gave

went

grew

hung

hid

knew

laid

led

lay

lit

lost

proved

rode

rang

rose

ran

saw

sought

set

shook

sang

sank

sat

spoke

sprang

stole

stung

struck

swore

swam

swung

took

tore

threw

used

woke/waked

wore

wrote arisen

been

borne

begun

bitten/bit

blown

broken

brought

bought

caught

chosen

come

crept

dived

done

dragged

drawn

dreamt

drunk

driven

drowned

eaten

fallen

fought

flown

forgotten

forgiven

frozen

got/gotten

given

gone

grown

hung

hidden

known

laid

led

lain

lit

lost

proved/proven

ridden

rung

risen

run

seen

sought

set

shaken

sung

sunk

sat

spoken

sprung

stolen

stung

struck

sworn

swum

swung

taken

torn

thrown

used

woken/waked/woke

worn

written

6.2. Verbele auxiliare - be, have, do

Verbele auxiliare be, have, do se utilizeaza in formarea timpurilor verbale, a formelor negative si interogative.

Ex.: He is planning to get married soon.

I haven't seen Peter since last night.

Be, ca auxiliar, este folosit pentru a forma aspectul continuu, in combinatie cu participiul prezent.

Ex.: He is living in Germany.

Be, impreuna cu participiul trecut formeaza diateza pasiva

Ex.: These cars are made in Japan.

Have in combinatie cu participiul trecut formeaza timpurile perfecte.

Ex.: I have changed my mind.

I wish you had met Guy.

Prezentul perfect continuu, trecutul perfect continuu sunt formate cu ambele auxiliare be si have:

Ex.: He has been working very hard recently.

She did not know how long she had been lying there.

Be si have se folosesc de asemenea ca auxiliare pentru a forma propozitii negative si interogative cu timpurile continue si perfecte.

Ex.: He isn't going.

Hasn't she seen it yet?

Auxiliarul do se foloseste pentru a forma negativul si interogativul prezentului sau trecutului simplu.

Ex.: He doesn't think he can come to the party.

Do you like her new haircut?

Auxiliarul do se poate folosi cu verbe principale: do, have.

Ex.: He didn't do his homework.

He doesn't have any money.

In propozitii afirmative, do se foloseste doar pentru evidentiere sau contrast.

Ex.: I do feel sorry for Roger.

Nu se foloseste niciodata auxiliarul do cu verbul to be.

Singura exceptie este imperativul:

Don't be stupid!

Do be a god boy and sit still!

6.3. Modul

Modul verbal se refera la una dintre cele trei atitudini pe care le poate avea un vorbitor fata de continutul mesajului exprimat.

Modul indicativ, prezent in majoritatea frazelor de pe aceasta pagina, se foloseste pentru a face o afirmatie sau a pune o intrebare.

Modul imperativ se foloseste pentru a da instructiuni, ordine, directive, sugestii cu caracter pronuntat.

Ex.: Get your homework done before you watch television tonight.

Please include cash payment with your order form. Get out of town!

Se observa ca nu