Progress and The Development Tendencies of Transport System în Containers în our Country

The transport of merchandises in containers is conceived in our country as a transport system.

The transport system in containers, representing the unity of all the technical, technological, commercially, organizationally and juridical afferent elements, which are taken down on the line of the introduction of the most modern technologies in the transport, handle, storage activity. Through the introduction of this technology on the level of national economy, in the public transport units, and also in the transport, handle, storage sectors from the frame of economic units belonging to the others ministries, is achieved a substantial growth of the labour productivity transport-handling-storage activity. This has favourable direct consequences on transport expenses and indirect on own production expenses, through the activity of supply, unbind, inclusively the creation of the premises for the introduction of electronic technique in the process of supply and administration of the stocks.

In the transport system of containers are include containers of little capacity and transcontainers.

The merchandises transported in containers of little capacity, having as base the container UIC of 1,5 tons, with a cargo capacity of 1,3 tons and the useful volume of 2 m3, it was adopted the in our country in year 1954. Through the introduction of this new transport way there were created the necessary conditions of the extension of the transports of merchandise outside of limited distance of the railway stations of destination and delivery, from de transporter warehouse, respectively of the consignee through the substitution of the operations of transhipment, involving handling piece by piece of merchandises between road and railway means of transport, with the mechanized transhipment of the container. In this way was achieved the functional junction between the road and railway means of transport which compete to the execution of the combined traffic, of the harvester-thresher, making the transport chain through which is assured the movement of merchandises with the many means of transport, with small expenses of capacity of work and package. In period of the years 1954-1970 the transport merchandises transported in containers, between the open stations of the traffic of parcel delivery, it developed continuously, taking over 15% from the traffic of parcel delivery and 60% from the traffic regarding to transport in containers.

Beginning with 1970, when in organized way it past to the introduction on the large scale of modern transport technologies, the traffic of the merchandises in containers knows an important development, reaching at the level of the year 1975, almost 35% from the traffic of parcel delivery and 90% from the traffic regarding the transport in containers. To this it contributed as much the development of material base of containers and specialized machines, and also the intensification of utilization of the park of containers through the decrease loop of rework these and the growth of average load on containers.

The transport of merchandises in containers in next period expands reaching in 1980 over to 50% from the traffic of parcel delivery. In the same time the building of the containers improved through the adoption of new solutions based on substitutes metal and wood substitutes, which could assure better protection of goods and higher durability of the exploited containers.

The basic features of the transport in transcontainers consist in: the high speed of turnover; the effectuation of technical and commercial operations to edge of transport relation, usually, in day-time, the transport on railroad with trains specialized, which is made in night-time; the realization of continuous transport chain „door to door”. The transport at long length is done on the railway with specialized trains with high speed in the overland traffic and with specialized or arranged ships in the naval traffic, and the transport in the influence zone of the terminals with specialized machines.

The transport of merchandises in transcontainers, conceived in our country as the a transport system incorporate in the general transport net and which corresponds as much the requirements of internal traffic, and also the one of international traffic, assuring connection to the European railway network and to the ports of transhipment for the railway and maritime lines, require as much a material own base, specific to the system, quotient the use of some of the fittings and the means of classic systems of transport.

Material base specific to the transport transcontainerized system contains: transcontainers of diverse types, specialized wagons, auto semi trailers, specialized ships, terminals gifted with middles for handling and transport of transcontainers and markets for handling and storage of transcontainers at public transportators, simple equipments for transcontainers loading-unloading, terminal or points of containers to the transport consumers. In the same time is used the equipment and means belonging of classic transport systems, such as: the usual line of railway, the technical stations, locomotives, tractors, port equipment, public roads etc.

Among the main types of transcontainers constructed, most important are: transcontainers covered of 10t, 20t, 30t; uncovered transcontainers of 20t and 30t, with normal or reduced height; platform transcontainers of 20t and 30t; isolated transcontainers of 20t and 30t; frigorific transcontainers of 20t and 30t; tank transcontainers for liquid and pulverulent merchandise; transcontainers concentrated minerals etc. The transhipment middles of transcontainers used are: transtainers, most made in Romania, overland terminal and porttainers, port terminal to transportators; light transcontainers; fixed cranes; hydraulic, electric and mechanic winches at the transport customers.

Connection between the warehouse of the purveyor and one of the beneficiary, on whole the transport chain, is achieved thus: from the warehouse of the purveyor located in the zone of influence the dispatch terminal, the loaded transcontainer putted on a specialized semi trailer is brought into the dispatch terminal where, with the help of a transtainer crane, he is transhipped from the semi trailer on the specialized flat wagon, directly or through storage on soil; after gathering of transcontainers train, the transcontainers are transported on long distances on railway line to the destination terminal, where is executed the operation of transhipment from wagon on semi trailers, which are guided to the customer warehouses, located in zone of influence of destination terminal, and in some actually cases toward the band of mounting of the beneficiary. In this way the merchandise entered in transcontainers at the warehouse of the purveyor isn't any more handled through unloading, in the consumer warehouse or in the introduction in manufacture flux. It must be seen the fact that the operations of introduction and take out of the merchandises in and from transcontainers are done mechanized, usually with help of pilers – in the case of covered transcontainers and with help of cranes of different types – in the case of the uncovered ones.