Money- History and functions

The exchange economy in the cotemporary conditions is unknown without the existence of the money. They make part of the day to day life of every man, representing maybe the most interesting economical instrument that the man has tried to understand, to discover it's nature and functions.

The question that the specialists are trying to answer is about the nature of the money, they are asking what are the money? The political economy classics have demonstrated that the money aren't anything else than a bale. Other specialists consider that the money are the fruit of a convention at which the money would of gotten to ease the change, or it would be a juridical fiction, a creation of the right order.

"The money are a social artificial convention as soon as the goods can be bought and sold on a gave away item, the public will feel the need to use it for their shopping and selling. How paradoxically can it be or can't be, money are being accepted or not because they are accepted". (Paul A. Samuelson)

From other points of view money are also considered as being an item for the exchange bales, invested right to all of their possessors. Money are being looked as being any active thing that is accepted in the transaction and in the settlement of the exchange and of the debts.

The problem of the money nature has not been totally resolved, the discussion between the specialists still continue but important is the fact that all of them accentuate the importance of money in the society: "we identify money as a key element for the efficiency challenge in production and the exchange of products and services. Money helps at the resolving of these problems because they are a good item that have the general exception as a exchange mode". (Lloyd Atkinson)

Better said through money we understand the bills, coins and other instruments generally accepted used to measure and to compare the exchanges.

Frequently through exchanges we understand a social convention that generates some instruments that generate commercial transactions.

A definition of the money has given Costin Kiritescu: "money represent a social instrument , a particular form immediately mobilizing of the social own, a transmissible shade of the buying power, that offers the owner the right for the social product part of the issuer country".

The goods and services exchange in the old times was being developed on the base of a mutual understanding between neighbors.

Along the time, it was being concentrated in specially designed places called markets. Even today we use the term "market economy" for referring to a society in which the people are being developed in productive activities and they are developing the biggest part of their wishes (needs) through the exchange currency that is being accepted of the both parts.

The money appeared in the passing from the natural economy to the exchange economy.

The social division of the work, the develop grade of the technique and technology, has determined the producers development and the bale exchange expand creating difficulties and barriers. The principal difficulties were:

a)the impossibility of the realization of the coincidence between the tenders and buyers needs;

b)the difficulties in the determination of the value

c)the impossibility of dividing in elements. A lot of bale categories could not be divided, for their sale being necessary the exchange for big quantities of other bales, over the spending needs of the buyer.

The swop or as it was also named in the old societies "the barter" is specific to the primitive market economy. But the barter was a expensive process in the times terms spent for the discovering of an satisfying exchange, because it would of proposed a double coincidence of desires.

In different epochs, from different reasons, the different civilisations have accepted different interlopers of the exchange, these had been the first money forms known in the human society. Foe example: the clay and the ceramic, tortoise carapace, dolphin tooth, cows, pigs, tobacco, wool, salt and others. Finally the gold was preferred, because of his qualities. First, the gold has circulated as money but in the brute form, but after they had gotten identical forms. The principal drawback of this situation was the necessity of weighing and verifying the gold purity at every buy-sale act. This drawback was putted away with the marking of the gold pieces and bares, first by the dealer, after by the city and then by the country. This way the gold coins had appeared.

In Romania, the first coins were the silver drachmas, that were made in the town of Histria. The humanity has used metal coins with an intrinsic value, first from gold and silver, than from different alloys, for about 26 century.

The gold coins from the modern epoch were perfectly round, with tangible inscriptions, well embossed, made by some strict monetary rules. The state was deciding through law the name, the weight, the title and the capacity of travelling and quenching of the coin. Because for the low value buyers it would have been necessary very small gold coins, that could not be made, next to the cold coins have circulated and divisionary coins made from silver, cooper and other metals.

The money papers are also signs of value. They are being made by the state, without convertibility right, having a forced course. Corresponding with the roll that they have, they don't symbolize their value or the gold value, but they signify the value of the material goods and the services that can be procured with them.

Today the term of coin has been expended for the name of every king of money sign. It has to be mentioned that the terms "money" and "coins" are not the same thing,