Evolution of moldovan political parties

The evolution of the political life of the Republic of Moldova is characterized by an alternation between changes and stability. This alternation is the essence of the transition of the Moldovan society from totalitarianism to democracy. The experience of the soviet inheritance and the political instability of the past two decades of transition from a centralist and rigid system to liberal and pluralist governance created the elements of fragile governance, characterized by numerous inhibitions. Even if Moldova is an imitative democracy, it is a country of parties. The stages of the development of a multiparty system are found in the stages of the social and economic development of the state.

II. Political Party. Functions of Political Parties.

The term "Party" is derived from the Latin "pars", which is used for highlighting of a group of citizens, which represented the interests of one side of the society and were influencing the exercise of political power.

One of the oldest definition of a political party belongs to Benjamin Constant, he said that: "A party is a reunion of people, who share the same political doctrine".

As a subject of the political process, the party performs the next functions:

- Social representation;

- Social integration;

- Formation of the leading elite;

- Promotion of the frameworks in the wheels of state;

- Elaboration and realization of the political course;

- Elaboration of the ideology and political doctrines;

- Participation in the fight for power in the state and for the exercise of political power;

- Political training of the society;

- Participation at the formation of political systems;

- Formation of the public opinion etc.

Political parties manifest themselves as a reflection of the political activity of certain social groups, representing collectively their interests. The party has efficient means for the realization of political activity and for influencing upon mass consciousness, including organizational structures, financial resources and materials, power lever etc.

III. Stages of the emergence of Political Parties

The emergence of the political parties in the space between Nistru and Prut during the 20th century, went through several most important stages. The process had 6 main stages:

- First stage (1905-1912) - the emergence, consolidation and participation of the parties in the political life of the Russian Empire, in the activity of Duma. This stage ended with the prohibition of the political parties in Russia and the virulence of the monarchical reaction;

- Second stage (1917-1918) - "liberty" period. After the fall of tsarism and the legitimating of the Provisional Government, political parties got the possibility to manifest fully, but after a period of 5 years of prohibitions, they were recovering slowly;

- Third stage (1918-1938) - the activity as a part of Romania and of the multiparty system of the end of the First World War, a system consolidated with the Constitution from 1923, which resisted till 1938, when were prohibited, mostly, all political parties and was created a single party - Party of National Revival, party of the Royal House;

- Fourth stage (1940-1941) - the liquidation of former party members, considered to be representatives of "burgher" and "small-burgher" organizations, or their deportation to Siberia. In this period was constituted the stare-party, the Communist Party of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic;

- Fifth stage (1944-1991) - the exclusive domination of the Communist Party. Although in the first 5 post-war years emerged many organizations, anti-Soviet movements, they were liquidated at the beginning of 50s;

- Sixth stage (1989-present) - though began in 1989, followed a syncope of 2 years till 1991, when was canceled art. 6 of the Soviet Constitution, which consecrated the leading role of the Communist Party in all domains of social, economic and political life.

IV. First Political Parties of Bessarabia.

The emergence of first political parties in Bessarabia began with the unraveling process of the imperial power and the perspectives for independence of the non-Russian nations of the Empire. As in the period of 1980-90, political parties at the beginning of the 20th century assumed in Bessarabia a role of vehicles for the promotion of national values, of separation from Moscow and of assuring of the government of the province in that period. The founders and leaders of those parties were those who created on 2nd December 1917 the Moldovan Democratic Republic and assured later its stitching to Romania on 27th March 1918.

Igor Munteanu, "Partidele politice din Republica Moldova: legi, practici si reforme", Chisinau 2010

Mihai Cernencu, Igor Botan, "Evolutia pluripartidismului pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova", Chisinau 2009

Grigore Pirtac, Note de curs "Politologie", Chisinau 2013

State University of Moldova, "Politologie", Chisinau 2007

http://limbaromana.md/index.php?go=articole&n=1682

http://prisac.wordpress.com/2010/05/28/fazele-sinergetice-de-evolutie-a-sistemului-politic-din-republica-moldova/

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