Procesul de formare a politicilor publice europene este un proces complex, in care intervin numerosi actori. Cel mai important rol il joaca institutiile Uniunii Europene.
Dar un alt actor, din ce in ce mai important, il reprezinta grupurile de interese.
Nu intamplator, Mazey si Richardson vorbesc despre dezvoltarea graduala a unui stil european de a face politici, care pune accentul pe intermedierea grupurilor de interese (Mazey, Richardson 1995 in Mazey, Richardson 2001, p.
1). Care sunt pasii esentiali pe care un lobbyst trebuie sa-i faca pentru a avea succes in activitatea sa? Iata intrebarea care sta la baza intregului nostru demers exploratoriu si explicativ in domeniul activitatii de lobby pe langa institutiile Uniunii Europene.
Raspunsul la aceasta intrebare a dus la identificarea a cinci etape. Cunoasterea sistemului in care actionezi si pe care vrei sa-l influentezi reprezinta prima etapa. Astfel, primul capitol se ocupa cu prezentarea structurii institutionale a UE, precum si cu descrierea procesului legislativ si a celui executiv, accentul fiind pus pe acele informatii utile activitatii de lobby.
Capitolul doi prezinta urmatoarele doua etape: cunoasterea logicii de acces si a punctelor de acces in sistem sunt informatii de baza pentru un lobby eficient. Al treilea capitol analizeaza reglementarea activitatii de lobby in UE, ceea ce noi am numit regulile de acces.
In acest caz, am ajuns la concluzia ca reglementarea s-a facut prin doua tipuri de masuri. Pe de o parte, prin masuri care privesc fixarea limitelor transparentei actului de guvernare iar, pe de alta parte, prin stabilirea unor instrumente de reglementare.
In capitolul patru am redat o serie de strategii prin care accesul la institutii se poate transforma in influenta. Per ansamblu, lucrarea de fata foloseste paradigma utilitarista. Astfel, explicam interactiunea dintre institutii si lobbysti pe baza unei teorii a schimbului de resurse, schimb de pe urma caruia fiecare parte isi atinge obiectivele. Speram ca prin acest demers am reusit sa aratam ca reprezentarea intereselor prin lobby constituie o metoda alternativa de implicare in procesul de formulare a politicilor publice, atat la nivel european cat si national. Clarificari conceptuale Clarificari teoretice Clarificari metodologice Definirea temei lucrarii Lucrarea de fata se incadreaza in tema mai larga a studiilor privind formarea politicilor publice in Uniunea Europeana.
Pe langa statele nationale si institutiile UE, exista si alti actori care participa la acest proces: grupurile de interese.
Aceasta lucrare isi propune sa prezinte cadrul institutional in care actioneaza grupurile de interese, metodele de acces pe care le folosesc grupurile, si cum reusesc sa transforme acest acces in influenta asupra politicilor si politicii UE.
Utilitatea acestui demers se datoreaza viitorului statut al Romaniei de membra a Uniunii Europene.
Astfel, grupurile de interese romanesti vor trebui sa invete sa actioneze si pe aceasta noua ...
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