something living and developing under continual fluctuations, something that is founded on the past and prepares the way for the future, something that is not always consistent or perfect, but progressing and perfectible - in one word, human.
(Badescu Alice, 1984; p. 4) According to Simeon Peters affirmation, grammar is always present in our life and becomes a part of it.
No language can be spoken correctly without grammar.
The native speakers of a language know how to use a word or an expression but not many of them use words in a correct way or not many of them are aware of the reason they should use the word in that way.
While Shakespeare wrote his dramas for 5 million of English, nowadays English is spoken by more than 300 million people. English has acquired in the twentieth century a dominant position in many fields of human activity. It has become a world language and it is spoken on every continent of the world from Australia and New Zealand to North America.
When one wants to acquire English, for instance, one should learn not only vocabulary but also rules concerning its grammar.
Communication cannot exist without knowing the language; that implies for learning a little grammar, as well.
Pupils at school are taught mainly about verbs, tenses, nouns, the way they are used and in what circumstances. I think that prepositions are as important as any other part of the English grammar.
In my opinion one has to know whether in any construction a preposition is required or not; and which preposition to use when one is required. It can be especially troublesome to a Romanian speaker to find out that a certain construction in Romanian requires a preposition, whereas a similar one in English does not, and vice versa (to listen to music == a asculta muzica; to enter a room = a intra intr-o camera) I should also note that many words used mainly as prepositions can also be used as conjunctions and adverbs.
(Your house is near mine - He is standing near - adverb) An other great problem for an English language learner should be the synonymy and polyfunctionalism of prepositions.
One single preposition may express several relations (for example by - relation of space, of time, of agency, of numerical distribution); or one single relation may be expressed by several prepositions (for example the idea of residence - at, in, with, -within, inside}. I would like to make a spotlight on prepositions presenting several facts that seem to be important to me.
The materials that the present study relies on are the theoretical books of some great grammarians: L.
Levitchi, A.
Badescu, A.
J. Thomson, A.
V. Martinet, R. Quirk. CHAPTER I GENERAL PRESENTATION After many years of studying English we observed that between the Ro manian adverbs, prepositions and adverbial particles are many differences as well as similarities.
Our primary aim in writing this work was to point out the contrast between the morphological aspects of the English adverbs, prepositions ...
ALEXANDER L. G. - "ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE" - LONGMAN, NEW YORK AND LONDON, 1988
ALEXANDER L. G. - "ENGLISH GRAMMAR" - LONGMAN, NEW YORK AND LONDON, 1988
BANFAF A. - "ENGLEZA PENTRU ADMITERE" - EDITURA TEORA, BUCURESTI, 1996
BADESCU ALICE L. - "GRAMATICA LIMBII ENGLEZE" - EDITURA STIINTIFICA SI ENCICLOPEDICA, BUCURESTI, 1984
BROSSARD J. , CHEVALIER SYLVIE - "GRAMATIEA ALFABETICA A LIMBII ENGLEZE" - EDITURA TEORA, BUCURESTI, 1998
CHITORAN DUMITRU - "FURTHER CONTRASTIVE STUDIES" - BUCHAREST UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1978
CONVIE A. P. , MAC FAN R. - "OXFORD DICTIONARY OF PHRASAL VERBS" - OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1993
FICSINESCU FLORICA - "GRAMATICA LIMBII ROMANE" - VOL. I. , EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLICII SOCIALISTE ROMANIA, BUCURESTI, 1966
FIRMAN SUSANA - "PENGUIN STUDENTS GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH EXERCISES" - PENGUIN GROUP, LONDON, ENGLAND, 1988
GALEA LLEANA, STANCW V. - "ENGLISH WITH TEARS" - EDITURA DACIA, CLUJ - NAPOCA, 1998
HULBAN FF. - "ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY" - UNIVERSITATEA "AI. L CUZA", IASI, 1975
IAROVICI EDITH - "ENGLEZA AMERICANA" - EDITURA TEORA, BUCURESTI, 1999
IAROVICI EDITH - "A HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE" - EDITURA DIDACTICA SI PEDAGOGICA, BUCURESTI, 1973
LEVITCHI L. D. - "LIMBA ENGLEZA CONTEMPORANA" - VOL. 1, MORFOLOGIE, EDITURA DIDACTICA SI PEDAGOGICA, BUCURESTI, 1970
POPESCU STEFANIA - "GRAMATICA PRACTICA A LIMBII ROMANE" - EDITIA A V - A REVAZUTA, EDITURA ORIZONTURI, BUCURESTI, 1995
QUIRK R. - "A GRAMMAR OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH" - LONGMAN, LONDON, 1972
SEIDI JENNIFER - "EXERCISES ON PHRASED VERBS" - OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, NEW YORK, 1990
STANCIULESCU MIHAELA - "PREPOZITIA - THE PREPOSITION" - EDITURA STIINTIFICA SI PEDAGOGICA, BUCURESTI, 1975
THOMSON A. J. , MARTINET A. V. - "A PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR" - OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1986
TROFIN A. - "GRAMATICA LIMBII ENGLEZE" - UNIVERSITATEA BABES - BOLYAI, CLUJ - NAPOCA, 1977
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