Grammar is an ensamble of rules regarding the formal modifications of words and their combinations in sentences. There are two kinds of units and processes which represent the components of any grammar: Morphology and Syntax.
Morfology is the study of morphemes and wordsand their formal modifications of every part of speech or class words.
Morphology and Syntax are closely related, especially when we study the sense of parts of speech or the functions of classes. It would be a mistake to exclude the sense of the forms of word from Syntax.
Or, on the contrary, to to consider the sense as being studied only by Syntax.
Morphology does not exist independently of Syntax, because the forms of the words be unimportant, they would not exist if they has not a syntactic use and likewise, Syntax would not exist if it had no words to organize in sentences. That is why we do not a Morphology which does not take into account the use of forms and a Syntax which would not start from the the existing forms of the words.
(Vraciu A.
- Lingvistica generala comparata, 1980, pag. 2) In the same way, grammar cannot exist in isolation from Phonetics and Vocabulary. A sentence can be made up of an unlimited number of autonomous elements, everyone having a certain sense. These elements, are named Words.
Words have certain phonetically and morphological particularities and at the same time they have capacity of developing certain syntactic relations. Morphology can be considered the part of Grammar which studies the classifications words in part of speech and their formal modifications the inflectional morphemes which mark the grammatical categories.
The emergence of part of speech (Noun, Adjective, Verb, Pronoun) and of grammatical catgories (Gender, Number, Case, Mood) is closely related to the abstract processes of the activity of the huma brain-along the centuries. Sense perception offers us the image (representations) is given a name by the intellect. The word appears. But the word is not capable of reflecting every object, it reflects the class of objects the notion or concept.
The notion reflects the general characteristics and at the same time, the essential characteristics of objectsand phenomena. It is a superior form of generalization, superior to that of notion (or concept) ever so more abstract is the Category. There are many catgories: casuality, quality, quantity, possibility, reality, every one expressing the generalization of some essential relation. (Vraciu A.
- Lingvistica generala comparata, 1980, pag. 207). the term lexical catgory was introduced by Chomsky (1965) to stand for what traditional grammarians called parts of speech.
The term itself is buit on an analogy with the term lexical item and it indicates the part of speech to which a lexical item belongs.
From a lexical point of view in traditiionsl approaches, the parts of speech are classified by taking into account what they deneote (their sense): an object or entity (the Noun, the ...
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