Speciality world economy and international economic relations

This topi? refers to the e?onomi? situ?tion in the dom?in of tr?de poli?y of the Republi? of Moldov?, ?nd its ???ord?n?e to the tr?de poli?y of the Europe?n Union. Through this proje?t the ?uthor de?ided to des?ribe ?nd emph?size ?g?in the fe?tures ?nd ?h?r??teristi?s of Moldov?'s tr?de poli?y ?nd how ?lose ?re their to those of Europe?n Union, ?lso pointing out the m?in differen?es. He found this to be ? relev?nt topi? be??use the ?itizens of one ?ountry must ?lw?ys worry ?bout the ?ountry future ?nd ?h?nges th?t o??ur in its e?onomy ?nd, impli?itly, in its tr?de poli?y in the ?ontext of joining big e?onomi? ?nd monet?ry unions like EU.

Tr?de poli?y is ? ?omponent of the e?onomi? poli?y of ? st?te. It in?ludes ?ll regul?tions with leg?l, ?dministr?tive, fis??l, budget?ry, fin?n?i?l and b?nking character th?t ?re ?dopted by the st?te in order to promote or restr?int of foreign tr?de ?nd foreign ?ompetition to prote?t the n?tion?l e?onomy. Given th?t extern?l e?onomi? rel?tions should be ?n import?nt f??tor of e?onomi? growth, the m?in long-term obje?tive th?t st?tes follow with the tools ?nd ?ommer?i?l poli?y me?sures is to stimul?te the development of n?tion?l e?onomy sheltered from foreign ?ompetition. Tr?de poli?y helps to promote foreign e?onomi? rel?tions, prote?t the n?tion?l e?onomy from foreign ?ompetition ?nd ??hieves ? b?l?n?e in the tr?de b?l?n?e ?nd helps to in?re?se st?te reserves.

In present work the ?uthor ?n?lyzes the tr?de poli?y situ?tion ?nd requirments both in Europe?n Union ?nd Republi? of Moldov?. Thus, in the first ?h?pter of the thesis he ?n?lyzes the ?on?ept of ?ommer?i?l poli?y, fe?tures, instruments ?nd its ?omponents. ?lso, in ? spe?i?l p?r?gr?ph ?uthor tries to show if there is ? dire?t rel?tion between the tr?de poli?y of ? st?te ?nd its long-term e?onomi? growth.

Gener?lly, ?ommer?i?l poli?y ??ts with three m?in ??tegories of instruments ?nd me?sures: t?riff tr?de poli?y, non-t?riff tr?de poli?y ?nd promotion?l tr?de poli?y. First two ??tegories are ?imed at import ?nd the third t?rgets export. ?ustoms poli?y ?s ? p?rt of tr?de poli?y is done through regul?tions ?dopted by the st?te, ?imed ?t the entry ?nd exit of goods ?nd involving ?ontrol of goods ?nd me?ns of tr?nsport ?rossing border ?nd ?ustoms ?le?r?n?e ?nd p?yment of ?ustoms duties. Instruments whi?h usu?lly m?ke poli?y t?riffs ?nd ?ustoms ?re ?ustoms l?ws with ?ustoms ?odes ?nd ?ustoms regul?tions. For Moldov? ?re ?h?r??teristi? ?d-v?lorem t?riffs, spe?ifi? ?nd ?ombined t?riffs.

Non-T?riff B?rriers ?re ?omplex tr?de poli?y me?sures ?nd regul?tions ?nd in?lude li?enses for import/export quot?s, st?nd?rds ?nd rules, different regul?tions, subsidies ?nd pri?es.

Promotion?l ?nd tr?de poli?y boosts exports of goods and in?ludes me?sures ?nd regul?tions ?dopted by st?te ?nd enterprises ?imed ?t stimul?ting glob?l ?ountry's export. The import?n?e of tr?de poli?y ?t this st?ge is reve?led even more, showing th?t the tr?de is ? se?tor th?t is f??ing ? number of ?h?llenges th?t need to be removed following the desire to ?ontribute to the e?onomi? and social well-being of ?itizens.

In the se?ond ?h?pter is refle?ted ? more det?iled ?n?lysis of tr?de poli?y elements ?nd ?h?r??teristi?s in Europe?n Union ?nd, in the s?me time, ?uthor ?n?lyses the Evolution of tr?de rel?tions ?nd flows between Europe?n Union ?nd Republi? of Moldov?, m?inly how they evolve ?onsequently with the strengthening of rel?tions between the two p?rties, n?mely import ?nd export ?n?lysis.

In ?h?pter number three the ?uthor studied the history ?nd pro?ess of evolution of EU-RM rel?tions ?nd the m?jor ?greements with EU, putting ?n ???ent on how they ?ffe?ted the tr?de poli?y dom?in. The m?in ?greement ?n?lised here is the ?sso?i?tion ?greement. During the 29 November E?stern P?rtnership Summit, the EU - Moldov? ?sso?i?tion ?greement w?s initi?lled. The ?sso?i?tion ?greement, in?luding the Deep ?nd ?omprehensive Free Tr?de ?re?, will further strengthen politi??l, e?onomi? ?nd tr?de rel?tions between the EU ?nd the Republi? of Moldov?.

On the o???sion of the November 2013 E?stern P?rtnership Summit in Vilnius, the High Represent?tive for the Union for Foreign ?ff?irs ?nd Se?urity Poli?y ??therine ?shton, ?ommissioner for Tr?de K?rel De Gu?ht ?nd their Moldov?n ?ounterp?rts initi?lled ?n ?sso?i?tion ?greement in order to further strengthen rel?tions ?nd ?ooper?tion between the EU ?nd the Republi? of Moldov? ?nd their ?itizens. The initi?lling of the ?greement is ?n import?nt step tow?rds its eventu?l sign?ture ?nd subsequent implement?tion. ?lthough the ?sso?i?tion ?greement h?s not yet been signed, the EU is ?ommitted to sh?ring wh?t ex??tly it ?ont?ins.

The ?sso?i?tion ?greement is ? ?on?rete w?y to t?ke ?dv?nt?ge of the very positive dyn?mi?s in EU-Moldov? rel?tions. It fo?uses on support for ?ore reforms, e?onomi? re?overy, govern?n?e, se?tor ?ooper?tion ?nd the f?r re??hing liber?lis?tion of Moldov?'s tr?de with the EU. The ?greement will offer Moldov? ? fr?mework for modernising its tr?de rel?tions ?nd for e?onomi? development by the opening of m?rkets through the progressive remov?l of ?ustoms t?riffs ?nd quot?s, ?nd by the extensive h?rmonis?tion of l?ws, norms ?nd regul?tions in v?rious tr?de-rel?ted se?tors. This will ?re?te the ?onditions whi?h ?llow key se?tors of the Moldov?n e?onomy to acces EU st?nd?rds.

In third p?rt of the ?h?pter the ?uthor ?n?lyses future ?h?nges th?t should o??ur in the tr?de poli?y of Republi? of Moldov? in the ?ontext of integr?tion into EU ?nd the ?osts ?nd benefits of ???ession of Republi? of Moldov? to the EU.

If you look ?t Moldov?'s e?onomi? rel?tions with other ?ountries, you ??n s?y th?t they ?re b?sed on the ex?h?nge of goods ?nd food. Moldov? h?s e?onomi? rel?tions with m?ny ?ountries, but the l?rgest p?rtners ?re the ?ountries of the ?IS su?h ?s Russi?, Ukr?ine, Bel?rus ?nd the EU ?ommunity ?ountries, m?inly Rom?ni?, It?ly ?nd Germ?ny with whi?h Moldov? h?s the ?losest e?onomi? rel?tions. If in 2001-2005 the situ?tion of exports w?s ?t ? lower level sin?e 2005 the situ?tion beg?n to ?h?nge. In 2010 ye?r is the first time sin?e 2001, when the growth r?te of deliveries of Moldov?n goods to foreign m?rkets w?s higher th?n imports, while in 2009 exports were ?ffe?ted mu?h less th?n imports. In the period J?nu?ry-O?tober 2010 w?s the l?rgest in?re?se in deliveries in ?omp?rison with the s?me period of 2009.

Often, domesti? produ?tion does not meet the popul?tion's needs, or is insuffi?ient or the qu?lity is not expe?ted. In this ??se, ?ny st?te use imports to solve these problems. Thus, imports ?re pur?h?sing ?bro?d from ?ommer?i?l oper?tion of goods or servi?es for ?n ?mount of money ?greed by them involving ?rossing the border to the importer. In the period from J?nu?ry to M?y of 2013 ye?r, Moldov? imported goods worth ne?rly U.S. $ 2 billion. The m?in ??tegories of goods imported by the Republi? Moldov? ?re miner?l produ?ts, ?hemi??ls, veget?bles ?nd oils, food, m??hinery, ele?tri??l equipment, ?rti?les of stone, pl?ster, ?ement, ?er?mi?, gl?ss ?nd simil?r m?teri?ls. Like five ye?rs ?go the first four pl??es where Moldov? export, even in the s?me order ?re Ukr?ine, Russi?n Feder?tion, Rom?ni? ?nd Germ?ny. In the ?urrent period Moldov? is trying to redu?e its imports. So tr?de poli?y is ? poli?y promoted by the st?te in extern?l e?onomi? rel?tions, ?imed ?t exp?nding ?nd liber?lizing by either restri?ting or limiting e?onomi? ex?h?nges with the outside world, the m?in forms of e?onomi? poli?y in this sphere ?re free tr?de ?nd prote?tionism.

1.1. Article as part of Title IX of the EC Treaty, namely the title that addresses the common commercial policy of the European Community.

1.2. Article XXIV of GATT on customs unions and free trade areas

1.3. EC Treaty, article 131.

1.4. EC Treaty, article 133.

1.5. EC Treaty, article 300.

1.6. EC Treaty , article 310.

1.7. Paragraph (5) of Article 133 of the EC Treaty

1.8. Treaty of Rome, article 110.

1.9. Treaty of Maastricht, article 113.

II. Textbooks, monographs and didactic works

2.1. Ciupagea, Constantin; Unguru, Mihaela Cristina; Cojanu, Valentin; Alanoca, Saul (expert UE) - ,,Adaptarea politicilor Romaniei la cerintele UE cu privire la taxele vamale si politica comerciala", European Institute of Romania, Bucharest, 2003.

2.2. IMF, World Economic Outlook, Washington, DC, May 1997.

2.3. International trade statistics , 2006, WTO

2.4. Maria Cernobrovciuc. Joanna Konieczna. Mariana Puntea. Marcin Sowa. Alexandru Stratulat. Warsaw, Poland. Editura: Malgorzata Jakubiak, 2006. 118 p.

2.5. Miron, Dumitru - ,,Economia Uniunii Europene", Publisher Luceafarul, Bucharest, 2006.

2.6. OECD, Open Markets Matter: The Benefits of Trade and Investment Liberalisation, Paris,OECD, 1998.

2.7. Radoi, Dumitru (coordonator); Aldea, Victor; Beldescu, Alina - ,,Impactul adoptarii acquis-ului comunitar privind politica comerciala comuna in perspectiva aderarii la Uniunea Europeana", Romanian Academy - Department of Economic,Juridic and Sociological Science of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, 2001.

2.8. Roberts, Mark J., and James R. Tybout, eds., Industrial Evolution in Developing Countries, Oxford University Press for the World Bank, New York, 1996.

2.9. Suta, Nicolae; Miron, Dumitru; Suta - Selejan, Sultana - ,,Comert international si politici comerciale contemporane", Publisher Eficient, Bucharest, 2000, volume I, pag. 101.