Unit 1.
SHIP STRUCTURE
1. General Structure of the Ship
The main body of the ship is called the hull. The hull consists of an inside framework and an outside skin called shell plating. At the base of the hull is a heavy metal plate called the keel. When the ship is at sea this part of the ship is under water. To make it easier to refer to parts of the ship, the hull is divided into three areas or parts. They are the forward, amidships and after parts. The forward part is nearest the bow. The after part is nearest the stern. Amidships is in the centre part of the ship.
Identify the main parts of the hull in the diagram below:
In the bow, the hull is attached to the stem post. In the stern, the hull is attached to the sternpost. The hull is divided into a number of watertight compartments. Decks divide the hull horizontally and bulkheads divide it vertically. Deck beams support the decks and stanchions support the bulkheads.
Label the deck beams and the stanchions on the diagram below:
Cargoes are stored in cargo holds. Cargo holds are usually situated at the bottom of the ship. Within the hull, decks are given a special name, i.e. between decks (often called simply tween decks). There may be upper tween decks and lower tween decks above the holds.
Bulkheads are partitions that can run either transversely (across the ship) or longitudinally (fore and aft). Sometimes bulkheads are built so that they are completely watertight. This makes
it possible either to carry liquid cargoes, or to seal off the ship if water should break in. The bulkhead nearest the stem must be very strong. If the ship is damaged it must remain watertight. This bulkhead is called the collision bulkhead.
Besides the space for cargo the hull also contains the engine room, which is situated at the after end of the ship, and a number of tanks: at the fore end of the ship is the forepeak tank, and at the after end of the ship is the after peak tank. These tanks are used for storing fresh water and ballast water. At the bottom of the ship is the double bottom tank, which is used for storing fuel and water ballast.
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