Asynchronous data transmission
Synchronous data transmission
Serial interfaces and standards
Modems and modem standards
Modem file transfer protocols
Error Correction
TRIB formula
Transmission of serial data between two devices needs to be coordinated
Receiver must synchronize with incoming data to interpret the orderly sequence in which it was transmitted
The set of rules governing the exchange is called a protocol
Transmitted serial data can be classified as:
Synchronous and
Asynchronous
Transmitting device inserts framing bits at the beginning and end of each character
Start bit is always a logic 0
Stop bit is always a logic 1
Allows receiving device a means of achieving frame sync with each character
Time interval between characters is the idle time
Involves high-speed transmission of data in the form of blocks
Block of data can represent a contiguous series of data bytes
Idle time between characters is eliminated
Synchronization is performed on a block-by-block basis
Transmitting device often provides a separate clock pulse that is in sync with the center of each transmitted data bit
Clock pulse can be carried on a separate line from the data or encoded with the data by a modem
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