Tehnici de comerț

TOPIC 1. COMBINED COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS

1.1. Countertrade: genesis and determinant factors

1.2. Barter and offsets: specifics of carrying and contracting

1.3. Counter-purchase: participants and the mechanism of carrying.

1.4. Buy-back.

1.5. Re-export: reasons and the mechanism of carrying.

1.6. Re-import operation.

Combined commercial operations – international affaires that combine elements of import, export, service rendering etc. in a single transactional mechanism, designed an applied by the foreign trade departments or firms specialized in this domain.

Combined commercial

operations

- more complex character;

- Increased transactional value;

- more complex juridical basis - usually, thy consist of two or more contracts signed among which there is a certain link;

- increased risk;

- its realization requires an increased level of professionalism.

Forms of combined commercial operations:

I. Countertrade:

Barter

Offsets (Compensations)

Enlarged compensations

Clearing

Parallel operations Counter-purchase

Buy back 

II. Re-export and re-import

- 1.1.Countertrade: genesis and determinant factors

Def. The countertrade operation consists of that transactions among which there is a contractual link, a conditioning of a buying transaction with a selling one.

History:

1626 – Peter Minuit, which was working for the Dutch East India Company, sold bovines, trinkets (brelocuri), blankets (paturi) worth 24 dollars for Manhattan Island.

1920-1930 – first stage of countertrade development (economic recession of 1929-1933) . In Latin America almost 90% of all intraregional trade was realized in counterpart. The object of counterpart was: natural resources, oil products, agricultural products;

1948-1949 – 2nd stage of countertrade development (after the II WW). According to WTO, almost 10 % of the international trade of 70-80s was performed in counterpart, but according to UNCTAD – 15-25% of international trade.